Joint Pain Medication: Common Side Effects

Being aware of the potential side effects associated with joint pain medication can help you decide which drug is right for you. Learn more now.

Share This Post

If you suffer from occasional joint pain, you are among one-third of adults in the nation that report having had joint pain within the last 30 days.

Joints provide connections between the bones, which are extremely important for normal movement. Joint pain can be mild or severe depending on what is causing the pain.

Acute joint pain usually lasts a few weeks and persistent joint pain that lasts for weeks to months or even longer is considered to be chronic.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), joint pain is classified as severe when a person rates their pain level as 7 out of 10 on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain). Persistent or chronic joint pain is when a person has joint pain almost every day within the span of three months. 

Causes for joint pain can vary and are usually due to damage to the joint like after an injury, or a disease like arthritis.

The CDC reports that one in four adults with arthritis, or about 15 million people, experience arthritis-related severe joint pain.

Additionally, half of all adults with arthritis experience persistent pain. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, but other rheumatic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia can also cause significant joint pain. 

Treatment of joint pain is usually focused on preserving the joint by reducing inflammation that causes the pain.

Treatment methods include oral medications that are either prescription or over the counter (OTC), topical medications or injections.

Here is a list of the most common medications used to treat joint pain and what you can expect as side effects. Being aware of the potential side effects associated with a medication or muscle relaxer can help you decide which drug is right for you. 

Over the counter medications

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 

If your joint pain is moderate to severe, taking an OTC drug that belongs to the class of NSAIDs can relieve your pain by reducing inflammation.

Common NSAIDs are Ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) or Naproxen (Motrin). The NSAIDs work by reducing the amount of a substance called prostaglandin that makes us feel pain.

The drugs do this by binding to an enzyme called COX that is responsible for the production of prostaglandin. They are very effective in reducing pain from arthritis, so they are often the first medications prescribed to treat the condition. 

NSAIDs are meant for short-term use.

There are some side effects associated with taking them and the longer you take them, the more side effects you are likely to experience.

Mainly, NSAIDs are known for being rough on the stomach. Ibuprofen and naproxen can increase the risk of stomach bleeding and stomach ulcers.

If you have a previous history of peptic ulcer disease or inflammatory bowel disease, then taking NSAIDs can make these conditions worse. In extreme cases, these drugs can severely irritate the stomach lining and can cause internal bleeding. 

The most common side effects of taking NSAIDs are: 

  • Stomach upset
  • Diarrhea
  • Gas
  • Heartburn
  • Nausea 
  • Vomiting

Taking the drugs with milk, food, or an antacid can help lessen stomach issues. 

Additionally, NSAIDs can increase the risk of:

  • Heart attack
  • Stroke
  • Heart failure
  • Blood clots

If you have cardiovascular disease, taking NSAIDs can also increase the risk of heart problems. 

Aspirin

Aspirin was one of the first anti-inflammatory NSAID drugs discovered. For a long time, aspirin was used to relieve fever and headache. It is effective in reducing joint pain that results from inflammation, as seen in arthritic conditions. 

Aspirin is the only NSAID that does not pose cardiovascular risks and in fact, it is used at low doses to protect against cardiovascular disease like heart attack and stroke. It is also used at a low dose to prevent the formation of blood clots. 

Since aspirin belongs to the NSAIDs, side effects also mainly affect the stomach lining. Aspirin can cause irritation of the stomach, nausea and indigestion. Less common, but more serious side effects include:

  • Stomach bleeding
  • Vomiting
  • Bruising
  • Worsening of asthma
  • Inflammation of the stomach 

If you have a history of peptic ulcers, taking aspirin can make these symptoms much worse and is usually not recommended. 

Children under the age of 16 should not take aspirin without consulting a doctor, because it can potentially cause Reye’s Syndrome after exposure to a virus such as chicken pox. 

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen, known as the brand name Tylenol, is not an NSAID. Unlike the NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not actually reduce inflammation, but it alters chemicals in the brain that make us feel pain. Since inflammation is not reduced by acetaminophen, it is more useful in treating mild to moderate pain.

Acetaminophen does not cause the same side effects in the stomach as NSAIDs. So, it is often recommended to relieve pain when you cannot take NSAIDs due to stomach issues. Additionally, acetaminophen is less likely to increase blood pressure, so people with a history of cardiovascular problems that cannot take NSAIDs can also use acetaminophen to reduce joint pain. 

The major consequence of taking acetaminophen is that it can cause severe liver damage or liver failure at high doses. If you drink more than three alcoholic beverages a day while taking acetaminophen, this greatly increases your risk of liver damage. Symptoms of liver damage include nausea or vomiting, yellow skin or whites of eyes, loss of appetite, pain in the upper right abdomen, profuse sweating and dark or tarry stools. 

Prescription Medications

Prescription NSAIDs 

Diclofenac (Voltaren) and Celecoxib (Celebrex) are two prescription medications that are used to treat joint pain that belong to the class of NSAIDs.

Diclofenac is a popular choice to manage chronic inflammatory joint pain that results from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. As an NSAID, diclofenac can cause stomach problems. These include:

  • Stomach burning, cramping and bloating 
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Ringing in the ears 

People with a history of gastric ulcers should not use diclofenac. The medication can also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, so you should consult a doctor before taking this medication if you are at a higher risk for this. 

Celecoxib is also an NSAID that is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

The NSAIDs block the action of the COX proteins to reduce prostaglandin levels. While all other NSAIDs block both COX-1 and COX-2, currently celecoxib is the only FDA-approved NSAID that is a COX-2 inhibitor. 

The FDA has issued a few black box warnings for celecoxib. These include:

  • Stomach problems warning: Taking celecoxib can increase the risk of stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, or holes in the stomach or intestine, which can be fatal. People with a history of stomach bleeding or ulcers should not take celecoxib.  
  • Heart risk warnings: Celecoxib can cause an increased risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.
  • Coronary artery bypass graft warning: Taking celecoxib before or after this type of surgery can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Opioids

The opioid medications, codeine and hydrocodone (Vicodin), are among the most effective medications to reduce pain. Codeine is best when used for mild to moderate pain, whereas hydrocodone is stronger and is effective for severe pain.

Opioid drugs work by altering the perception of pain. The drugs bind to certain receptors on cells that prevent the messages of pain from being transmitted to the brain so we don’t feel pain. 

Common side effects of opioids include:

  • Feeling dizzy
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea

Codeine can also make you feel light headed, as well as experience excessive sweating and shortness of breath. Hydrocodone can cause itching as a common side effect

Misuse of codeine and hydrocodone is a major problem. Excessive use of the opioid drugs at high doses can be dangerous and cause serious health consequences like higher rate of infections and liver damage. Long-term use of either drug can also cause dependence, which can lead to serious withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking the drug. 

Due to the high rate of misuse, the FDA has put restrictions on how you can purchase opioid drugs. A valid written prescription from your doctor must be provided to your pharmacy before you can pick up the medication

Oral steroids

Oral steroids are drugs that mimic the hormone, cortisol, in our body. Prednisone and cortisone are two widely used prescription oral steroids that are taken to treat joint pain in arthritis. 

They can reduce inflammation in the body and decrease activity of the immune system by reducing the amount of inflammatory molecules made by the body that damage tissues and joints. 

Common side effects of oral steroids include:

  • Acne
  • Blurred vision
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Bruising easily
  • High blood pressure
  • Weight gain
  • Increased growth of body hair
  • Muscle weakness
  • Less resistance to infection
  • Stomach irritation or bleeding
  • Swollen or puffy face
  • Mood swings
  • Water retention
  • Worsening of diabetes
  • Cataracts or glaucoma

As an alternative to oral tablets, steroid injections are often used for the treatment of arthritis. Injections can deliver the drug directly into the painful joint to reduce inflammation and provide more efficient pain relief.

Steroid injections used to treat arthritis do not usually cause the same side effects as taking oral steroids but in rare occurrences, complications such as bleeding into the joint, skin discoloration, infection, weakening of bones or ligaments and allergic reactions at the injection site can occur. 

Managing joint pain 

Medication overuse can actually increase the pain that you experience, so it is important to consult a doctor about finding ways to make your pain more tolerable. 

Topical medications that include menthol, lidocaine, capsaicin or salicylate are available over the counter, and these are a good option for joint pain that occurs in a specific area. Prescription topical analgesics that contain diclofenac can also provide significant pain relief. 

Additionally, if the cause of your joint pain is due to rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may also prescribe specialized prescription drugs to treat the condition. Discuss possible side effects of these drugs with your doctor to be aware of what to expect. 

Physical therapy is also a great way to reduce pain, improve your range of motion, and build up muscle strength around the joint through exercises. Your doctor may recommend a combination treatment plan that includes medication and physical therapy

Overall, identifying the cause of joint pain by visiting your doctor’s office can help you find the right treatment plan and muscle relaxants to safely decrease your pain. 

References, Studies and Sources:

medically reviewed and fact checked

We are committed to providing our readers with only trusted resources and science-based studies with regards to medication and health information. 

Disclaimer: This general information is not intended to diagnose any medical condition or to replace your healthcare professional. If you suspect medical problems or need medical help or advice, please talk with your healthcare professional.

Share This Post

Popular Destinations

Recent Articles

pills on a table

Inner Knee Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

The inner knee is a joint where the femur meets the tibia. It's one of many joints in your body, and can sometimes be subject to wear-and-tear or injury. Inner knee pain is very common with most people experiencing it at some point in their life. Luckily, there are ways to treat inner knee pain through medication, physical therapy, and self-care practices. We'll provide an overview of six different causes of inner knee pain and find out how to treat and prevent it in the future.

Read More »

Aleve vs Ibuprofen: What’s the difference?

We all have muscle aches and pains every once in a while, and sometimes, the pain gets to be enough that we need to take medication to help alleviate the symptoms. Over the counter medications like Aleve and Ibuprofen offer pain relief from pain associated with common ailments like arthritis, headache, toothache, acute injury, and gout and they are affordable and accessible. Many people assume that because these medications are available over the over the counter (otc), they’re safe and without risk, but recent studies have found that about 15 percent of adults take greater quantities of ibuprofen, Aleve, and other anti-inflammatory drugs than is recommended for daily use. Aleve and ibuprofen perform similar functions, but there are also significant differences between the two medications.

Read More »
pills on a table

Questions About Pain on the Left Side of My Body

Do you have pain on the left side of your body? You're not alone. The left side of your body is home to many organs and structures, including the heart, lung, and stomach. Left-sided pain can also be caused by a number of other factors such as muscle strain or injury. We'll explore pain on the left side of your torso and offer advice for when you should see a doctor about pain on the left side of your rib cage or abdomen.

Read More »

Cove Migraine Review: Are These Medications Effective?

Cove is a telemedicine company that provides personalized treatment for migraine sufferers, but are their medications effective? We provide you with an honest review.


We review and include products we think are useful for our community. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a commission. For more info, please read our ad policy, content principles and vetting policy.

Read More »
pills on a table

Meloxicam Side Effects: What Are They?

People who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis deal with daily, chronic pain that can have a serious impact on their quality of life. Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than 1.3 million Americans, including both adults and children, and about one percent of the population worldwide. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder in the United States, affecting approximately ten percent of men and thirteen percent of women aged 60 and older, and is the most common cause of total hip and total knee replacements in the United States. Meloxicam is a medication available for daily management of rheumatoid arthritis in adults and children and osteoarthritis in adults, but it is not without side effects.  There’s a lot to know about meloxicam, including its benefits, risks, uses, and costs, before asking your doctor about the medication.
 

Read More »

Share On:

More To Explore

Inner Knee Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

The inner knee is a joint where the femur meets the tibia. It's one of many joints in your body, and can sometimes be

Aleve vs Ibuprofen: What’s the difference?

We all have muscle aches and pains every once in a while, and sometimes, the pain gets to be enough that we need to

Questions About Pain on the Left Side of My Body

Do you have pain on the left side of your body? You're not alone. The left side of your body is home to many

Cove Migraine Review: Are These Medications Effective?

Cove is a telemedicine company that provides personalized treatment for migraine sufferers, but are their medications effective? We provide you with an honest review.

We

Meloxicam Side Effects: What Are They?

People who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis deal with daily, chronic pain that can have a serious impact on their quality of life.

Aleve vs Advil: What are the Main Differences?

Although Aleve and Advil are available over the counter, they’re not without risk. Recent studies have concluded that approximately 15 percent of American adults

What Is Humira Used For?

The drug has been in use for nearly 20 years and has been extensively studied, so it is a popular choice for doctors and

To Take or Not to Take: Osteoarthritis Supplements

Are you one of the over 30 million Americans suffering from osteoarthritis? Or maybe you know someone who is? Do you or someone you

Meloxicam Side Effects: What Are They?

People who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis deal with daily, chronic pain that can have a serious impact on their quality of life.

What Do Muscle Relaxers Do?

If you’ve ever struggled with lower back pain, had certain types of surgery, or are affected by certain chronic muscular conditions like multiple sclerosis,

What’s The Best Over the Counter Migraine Medicine?

We’re revealing the best over the counter migraine medicine to help you in your selection. Read on for more details.

Narcan: The Nasal Spray that Could Save Your Life

Opioids (sometimes called narcotics) are a type of medicine that decreases the feelings of pain. Healthcare providers may prescribe opioids to lessen pain from:

New Treatment Option for Acute Migraine Headaches

Migraine headaches affect 12% of the population in the United States. During an acute migraine headache, symptoms can get severe enough where it becomes

Ocular Migraine Treatment: What You Need to Know

If you’ve experienced the pain of a migraine, you know how strainful it can be. Find out the best ocular migraine treatment and more

To Take or Not to Take: Osteoarthritis and Supplements

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, sometimes referred to as “wear and tear” and affects over 30 million Americans. There are a variety of

What Is Plantar Fasciitis? The Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

Plantar fasciitis is a common foot injury that can cause pain and discomfort. The plantar fascia is a band of connective tissue that runs

Is Hydrocodone an Opiate?

Hydrocodone is an opiate that presents a high risk of abuse and addiction. Commonly prescribed for the short term management of pain, hydrocodone can

Hydrocodone vs Oxycodone: The Difference Explained

Hydrocodone and oxycodone are prescription opioid painkillers that are effective medications to treat moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone is more likely to cause side

How Much Does Humira Cost?

It’s considered highly effective and has been in use for 20 years, and it remains popular today because it is considered safe and well-tolerated.

Gabapentin Side Effects: What Are They?

Gabapentin is in a class all its own when it comes to medications – literally. The medication belongs to a class of drugs named

What are Rebound Headaches?

Rebound headaches, also called medication overuse headaches, can occur if you take certain pain relievers above their recommended dosages. Learn about what causes rebound

What’s The Best Over the Counter Migraine Medicine?

We’re revealing the best over the counter migraine medicine to help you in your selection. Read on for more details.

The Quadratus Lumborum: Location, Function & Treatment

The quadratus lumborum also stabilizes the sacral region, or lower back near the pelvis, of the spine during movement. In this article, we will

What is Meloxicam Used For?

The primary use of meloxicam is for the reduction of inflammation and swelling and management of pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in

Ocular Migraine Treatment: What You Need to Know

If you’ve experienced the pain of a migraine, you know how stressful it can be. Find out the best ocular migraine treatment and more

The Best Muscle Relaxants For Pain

Back and neck pain are treated with a combination of medications. Learn the best muscle relaxants to help resolve your pain.

What is Gabapentin Used For?

Gabapentin is one of the most popular drugs on the market today due to the wide variety of applications for which it can be

What is in Excedrin Migraine?

Exactly what is in Excedrin Migraine and what should you be aware of? 

New Synthetic Opioid: ‘Iso’ Associated with Overdose Deaths

Iso is a new opioid causing overdose deaths at an exponential rate in the United States. Iso may be 500 times more potent than

Side Effects Of Gabapentin: What You Should Know

Statistically speaking, gabapentin has been prescribed over 18 million times since 2004 in the United States. As of 2017, the number of prescriptions for